Owners of housing in apartment buildings (MKD) are required to make monthly payments to the capital repair fund . The funds received finance work to replace or repair outdated parts of buildings.
Unlike capital repairs, current repairs mean carrying out smaller works, as well as maintaining common property in good condition. The overhaul includes work to repair the roof, facade, load-bearing walls, internal engineering systems, including replacement of the elevator.
The order of priority for carrying out repair work in apartment buildings is established by the executive body of state power of the subject and is reflected in the regional program . Citizens can find out the year of major repairs in their home on the Housing and Communal Services Reform website.
What is included in the concept of major repairs?
Major repairs are a set of works and (or) services for replacement or restoration of:
- engineering and technical communications;
- parts of load-bearing structures;
- individual sections of non-load-bearing walls.
Money for major repairs in an apartment building comes from home owners and is stored in specially created funds (Article 169 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation), the method of formation of which is chosen by the owners themselves. Funds can be formed:
- On the account of the regional operator , the funds received by the fund are managed by the regional authorities. Money received from the owners of apartments in apartment buildings is stored in the general fund of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The order of capital work is established by the regional program.
- On an individual MKD account , the money collected goes towards the renovation of one specific house. Home owners open a bank account, which can be managed by a management company (MC) or a housing cooperative.
Major renovations are carried out in buildings with more than 3 apartments . In houses that are recognized as unsafe or subject to demolition , repair work is not carried out at the expense of the fund. Owners of apartments located in such buildings are exempt from the obligation to make payments.
What work is included in the overhaul of an apartment building?
When carrying out a major overhaul, faults are completely eliminated and the level of living comfort is improved. We replace worn out or outdated parts of the building with similar or modern ones. During the overhaul, the premises may be redesigned.
Depending on the volume of work performed, major repairs are divided into:
- Comprehensive - carried out to restore all damaged parts of an apartment building. Usually carried out once every 25 years.
- Partial - selective repair, involves replacing individual components of the house, for example, utilities. Such repairs are carried out if carrying out complex work is associated with additional difficulties or insufficient funding.
A major overhaul differs from a current one in that it involves a complete replacement of structures . Current repairs involve carrying out minor work aimed at maintaining the normal condition of the apartment building.
For example, replacing plastic windows, entrance doors at the entrance, landscaping the local area, installing stair railings, cosmetic repairs, etc.
The owner of the property pays the costs of maintaining an apartment building; in fact, this is a payment to the management company for the work of carrying out routine repairs. Work is carried out as necessary , emergency situations are eliminated first.
Is the renovation of the entrance included in the major renovation?
Repair of the entrance is considered current if it is carried out with the aim of maintaining its appearance in a favorable condition. Cosmetic and restoration work is carried out at the expense of funds paid by residents for the maintenance of housing. Current repairs at the entrance include:
- painting the railings;
- whitewashing walls and ceilings;
- window glazing;
- removal of inscriptions;
- replacement of lighting fixtures;
- door replacement;
- painting elevator doors and slopes.
Major renovation of the entrance involves the following work:
- installation, dismantling and transfer of walls;
- replacement of utilities;
- equipment modernization.
Current repairs of the entrance are carried out faster than major repairs. The timing of repair work depends on the condition of the entrance and its total area. Major repairs can last more than 1 month and require more funding, current ones are carried out on average once every 3-5 years .
Replacing windows and doors in the entrance is a current or major repair
In accordance with Art. 166 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the replacement of windows and doors in the entrances of apartment buildings is not included in the list of overhaul works. Maintaining the entrance in good condition refers to routine repairs , which must be carried out by the management company. Homeowners make monthly payments for the maintenance of common property, which are included in the utility bill . It is through these payments that work on replacing windows and doors is carried out.
If the management company refuses to replace elements of the common property or initiates a collection of funds for this type of repair work, the owners of the apartment building have the right to appeal the actions of the management organization . To do this they can contact:
- To the state housing inspection.
- To Rospotrebnadzor.
- To court.
- To the prosecutor's office.
Replacement of the elevator under the MKD overhaul program
In accordance with Federal Law No. 185 dated July 21, 2007, elevator repairs are considered capital repairs if a document declaring it unfit for use has been adopted in relation to the equipment. The expert report must contain a list of all faults, as well as a conclusion about the condition of not only the equipment itself, but also the elevator shaft.
The elevator inspection must be carried out by qualified workers, in the presence of representatives of the management company or HOA. Elevator replacement may be required within a period of 4 to 15 years of operation . At the same time, in the process of routine repairs, its individual elements must be changed.
If there are several elevators in the entrance, stopping all of them at once is unacceptable; repairs must be carried out sequentially. The elevator is replaced within 1 to 2 months , depending on the number of floors of the apartment building.
Major roof repairs of an apartment building
Major repairs of the roof of an apartment building are carried out in case of serious damage to the roof or its complete dilapidation . The list of works for major repairs of the roof and attic includes:
- drainage reconstruction;
- restoration of damaged roofing;
- replacement of rafters;
- arrangement of grounding and drainage.
If more than 40% of the roof area , it must be completely replaced. In all other cases, repairs are considered current and are carried out by the management company . All types of repair work are carried out as planned during the warm season.
The decision to carry out major roof repairs is made by the owners at a general meeting . After making a decision, residents must submit a written appeal to the management company with a demand for major repairs. After submitting the application, the roof is inspected for damage and a report is drawn up indicating all existing defects.
Roof repair work is carried out using funds transferred to the capital repair fund . If the collected funds are not enough, the management company can offer the owners:
- pay the missing amount yourself;
- save money by making increased payments for major repairs.
The Russian Ministry of Construction has updated the rules for capital repairs of residential buildings
We offer to buy building materials in Saratov wholesale at affordable prices. We have a large catalog of construction and finishing materials, as well as discounts for regular customers!
The department has prepared changes to the set of rules 368 “Residential buildings.
Rules for designing major repairs." The updated document is brought into line with the latest changes to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, the changes affected the list of main works carried out during major repairs. The new edition of the set of rules provides for the use of technologies, structures and materials that meet the level of development of modern construction science. The previous edition of the set of rules was mainly based on departmental building codes VSN 58-88(r), developed at the end of the last century. Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation Dmitry Volkov spoke about this.
“In accordance with the requirements of that time, the list of works included, on the one hand, work that the current edition of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation classifies as reconstruction: for example, replacement (restoration) of floors or redevelopment of premises. On the other hand, the list includes work that is being carried out as part of ongoing repairs. Such confusion created difficulties, in particular, when assessing the intended use of capital repair funds,” explained Dmitry Volkov.
The document is supplemented with technical solutions for converting unventilated roofs into ventilated ones, installing hinged ventilated and composite facade systems, using PVC double-glazed windows for window fillings, using modern bitumen-polymer, including membrane, roofing materials, polymer pipes, and LED lamps. The list of technologies and materials for repair work required a serious revision and expansion, taking into account the achievements of recent decades.
Most of these solutions have proven themselves in practice, which allows us to talk about the planned operational effect - an increase in the time between repairs due to an improvement in the quality of the work performed, an increase in the energy-saving characteristics of the building, and bringing the comfort of the housing under renovation to the standard level.
“It is important to note that the updated set of rules will not only ensure the possibility of using modern building materials and technologies, but will also limit the use of outdated ones. For example, a ban has been introduced on the use of restored pipes when replacing elements of building engineering systems,” emphasized Sergei Muzychenko, director of the FAU FCS.
The updated document elaborates on the issue of determining the need for major repairs. In particular, it is possible to use SP 454 “Residential multi-apartment buildings. Rules for assessing limited operability and emergency conditions" as a technical basis for making an appropriate decision. Clarifying the requirements for assessing the technical condition of a residential building when putting it up for major repairs establishes the regulatory and technical framework that determines the grounds and need for major repairs.
“Previously, when it was not a question of planned major repairs, but of selective repairs of individual structural elements, in order to make a decision it was necessary to conduct a full inspection in accordance with GOST 31937-2011 “Buildings and structures. Rules for inspection and monitoring of technical condition.” This is an expensive procedure that includes not only an examination, but also a large calculation part. After updating SP 368, it became possible to conduct a survey for these purposes using the simplified SP 454 procedure, which is much cheaper and can be ordered by residents themselves,” explained Elena Lepeshkina, leading researcher at TsNIIPromzdaniy JSC.
A step into the future of the digital economy can be called a new regulation on the installation of automated systems for accounting for resource consumption, which are a set of software, hardware and equipment that provide remote collection, processing, transmission and storage of data on thermal energy, hot and cold water, electrical energy, gas , consumed in multi-apartment residential buildings.
When preparing changes to SP 368 “Residential buildings. Rules for the design of major repairs" took into account the results of research work:
- “Development of technical solutions and technologies for major repairs of soft roofs”;
- “Determination of the list of works and services necessary for the operation of capital construction projects, as well as the frequency of their implementation (provision)”;
- “Conducting surveys of multi-apartment residential buildings in various climatic regions of the Russian Federation to establish the dependence of service life on the technical condition of the objects and operating conditions.”
Optimization of maintenance costs for residential buildings is largely due to rational planning of the system of current and major repairs. High-quality major repairs extend the service life of the building several times, and its timeliness reduces the costs directly for repair work and subsequent operating costs for the building. All this allows you to increase the reliability, safety and comfort of housing.
The work on preparing changes to SP 368 was organized by the FAU “FCS” and carried out by the teams of authors of JSC “TsNIIPromzdanii” and JSC “National Research Center “Construction”.
Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation
List of services and/or works for major repairs of common property
In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 166 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, of major repair works
- roof repair;
- repair of in-house engineering systems of heat, electricity, gas, water supply and sanitation;
- restoration of the facade and foundation of the house;
- replacement and modernization of elevators and shafts;
- repair of basements, machine rooms and block rooms.
These works are carried out at the expense of the capital repair fund , which is formed from the minimum contribution amount established by regional legislation. By decision of the executive authority, the list of works may be supplemented with the following repair work:
- façade insulation;
- arrangement of exits to the roof;
- installation of meters for the consumption of utility resources and services, including communal meters;
- reconstruction of an unventilated roof.
By decision of homeowners, the monthly contribution for the overhaul of apartment buildings may be increased (clause 4 of article 166 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation). Funds collected through the increase can be used to finance any services and repairs of common property.
For example, payment for construction control services, development of design documentation, as well as for repayment of loans spent on major repairs.
List of works included in the overhaul
Due to monthly financial savings accumulated from contributions from residents of apartment buildings, it is possible to carry out a fairly impressive list of repair, restoration and installation work, which is considered a major overhaul.
As stated in the legislation, a major overhaul of a house involves the implementation of work regulated by the legislator to eliminate various faults and worn-out structural elements in the house, classified as common property, including various works on restoration, replacement of structures and systems of the house to improve the operational properties of the common property of housing rights holders in an apartment building .
One of the basic directions when carrying out major home repairs is the repair of walls and facades, which allows:
- repair and insulate house facades and plinths;
- repair and, if necessary, glaze balconies and loggias;
- change window and balcony fillings to more soundproofing options;
- replace or repair gutters;
- repair house fire escapes;
- change or repair the roofing of a house;
- arrange canopies over loggias, balconies, entrances to entrances, basements;
- repair the blind area;
- repair the external walls of common building elevator shafts.
The next important direction in the field of overhaul work is the restoration of the proper condition of the basements and foundation of an apartment building. For these purposes, the following work can be carried out, financed, among other things, from mandatory regular contributions from apartment owners:
- house foundation repair;
- antiseptic treatment of structural elements of multi-apartment buildings;
- repair of entrances to basement premises;
- sealing places where there is an intersection of engineering systems with a foundation element, etc.
In addition to the listed work, capital repair funds can finance repair work related to restoring the proper condition of attics and roofs, namely:
- replacement, repair of attics and roofs, their fire protection treatment;
- treatment of wooden structures with antiseptics;
- repair or replacement of pallets;
- normalization, restoration of temperature and (or) humidity conditions;
- sealing, repair work for repairing air ducts, flues and other similar systems;
- replacement and repair of parapet gratings;
- work on replacement, repair of internal drainage elements, etc.
During major repair work, restoration of staircase structures can also be carried out with the replacement of steps, fences of house landings and other work.
Quite a significant part of the repair work performed during home overhauls is associated with restoring the condition and improving the entrance areas and door fillings. The considered category of work financed from capital repair funds includes the following activities:
- change and repair of access lighting;
- replacement and repair of access entrance doors;
- work on changing and repairing doors in garbage chambers;
- strengthening, restoration, partial replacement of stair steps, repair of the entrance platform, etc.
Major repairs include replacement, restoration, and improvement of in-house engineering systems in apartment buildings. With the help of capital repairs you can:
1. Repair central heating:
- replace and repair risers, house pipelines, connections to public heating systems;
- install shut-off valves;
- install heating devices with attached and built-in thermostats with automatic mechanisms;
- replace or repair thermal curtains;
- reconstruct panel control systems;
- establish the functioning of heating systems;
- install automatic balancing valves on heating structures, etc.
2. Repair and improve the ventilation systems of the house:
- change ventilation grilles;
- clean ventilation systems, etc.;
3. Ensure the organization of hot and cold water supply systems:
- change and repair pipelines if they belong to common house systems;
- install shut-off valves;
- change the pipe layout;
- install meters, etc.
4. Carry out repair work on home sewerage and drainage systems.
5. Repair other systems in the house (internal gas supply, electrical equipment, fire protection systems).
Major repairs may also include work to restore the functions and improve garbage chutes, elevators, including ensuring the accessibility of public elevators for the disabled, as well as interior home decoration (when the appearance of the decoration was damaged due to repair work on the house) and landscaping of the yard.
Thus, the overhaul includes a fairly extensive list of repair work related to the improvement of the common living space. Thanks to the accumulation of financial contributions from Russian citizens in the fund for major repairs, over time it is expected to significantly improve the housing stock in most Russian regions.
Accordingly, paying fees, perceived by many Russians as just another “extortion” from public utilities, also has its positive aspects. In addition, citizens in this situation have no choice: paying mandatory contributions for major repairs is the responsibility of all owners of apartments in an apartment building. The legislator provides only 2 exceptions:
- If housing, in particular, a house, is recognized as unsafe and subject to demolition;
- If the land under the house is required for municipal needs.
Where to start privatizing an apartment, step-by-step instructions
Apartment insurance for mortgage lending
How to correctly draw up an agreement to terminate a lease agreement
Mortgage lending for Russian military personnel
Features of mortgages in the secondary housing market
How to legalize the redevelopment of an apartment - action plan
How can I find out when my home will be renovated?
The start date for repair work for each specific apartment building is established by the regional overhaul program. The program is developed by the executive body of state power of the subject and updated every year. Its test can be found on the website of the authority or management company.
You can find out the queue for major repairs of apartment buildings on the Housing and Communal Services Reform website, information about approved regional programs is posted there. To date, the site has published data on more than 700 thousand objects .
Citizens can find out what events will be held and at what time at their home address. To do this, you need to enter your data in the “Find your home” line in the “Major repairs” tab. If the house is in line for major repairs, information about planned events and the year they took place will be displayed.
On the site you can also find out information about the amount of the contribution for major repairs, as well as the amount of funds collected by the owners and the amount of the current payment arrears.
